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Audiobook edition · 1 h 44 minPaperback · 6 × 9 in · printing soonHardcover · 6 × 9 in · printing soonAbout this book
What does a poet write when the world doubts her right to be heard?
Phillis Wheatley is a young woman enslaved in Boston, writing against readers’ doubts that an African can write verse. In Poems on Various Subjects, Religious and Moral, her thirty-nine poems carry faith, grief and a quiet case for freedom through the formal music of rhymed couplets.
The collection moves among hymns, elegies, tales from ancient myth and scripture, and addresses to kings, students and friends. To Maecenas opens a door into Wheatley’s classical learning. On Being Brought from Africa to America brings race and Christian belief into sharp focus, while poems of mourning seek comfort in loss.
What you’ll discover
- A voice against doubt Meet a poet whose work answers those who question an African writer’s ability.
- Faith in measured lines Explore how Wheatley’s Christian belief shapes her reflections on the equal worth of souls.
- Ancient worlds in verse Follow classical learning and imagination through poems that draw on ancient myth.
- Grief that seeks comfort Read elegies for families mourning a child, a spouse or a friend.
- Freedom argued with care Discover how carefully built poems make room for Wheatley’s quiet case for freedom.
Who will love it
Readers of poetry who love rhyme and the sound of the spoken line will find a friend here, as will anyone drawn to early American history, Bible stories in verse and the voices of Black writers.
What’s inside
The key ideas, in the 15-minute summary
- Learning gives Wheatley a poetic voice
- Wheatley claims her place among poets
- Faith becomes a claim to equality
- Grief turns toward hope of reunion
- Scripture becomes a scene of action
- The natural world invites daily gratitude
- Inner powers become guides to virtue
- Her own history explains her liberty
- One voice joins many poetic subjects
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Poems on Various Subjects, Religious and Moral
by Phillis Wheatley · 1773
A young enslaved poet in Boston turns grief, faith and a plea for liberty into verse that London prints.
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In short
Picture a young woman in Boston, enslaved, sitting down to write verses for a king, a lord, a college of students and a mother who has just buried a child. That is Phillis Wheatley.
Poems on Various Subjects, Religious and Moral at a glance
- Reading time
- About 1 h45 min fast, 1 h 10 min slow
- Length
- 14,000 words
- Library level
- Medium longer sentences, everyday words
- First published
- 1773by Phillis Wheatley
Reading time at 238 words a minute (fast 300, slow 200). How long the classics take to read · Updated
From the 15-minute summary · Key idea 1
Wheatley begins by claiming a place among poets
The book begins with To Maecenas, a poem addressed to a patron of the arts. Maecenas was the Roman who supported Virgil and Horace, and Wheatley borrows his name for her own patron. She wants to stand among the writers she has read.
She moves through Homer, whose lines fill her with dread in one place and bring her tears in another. Then she turns to Virgil, whose verse makes the whole bosom glow. This is a reader's tribute, but it is also a proof. A poet who can name these effects knows how they are made.
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- 15-minute summary
- The key ideas of the whole book in about 15 minutes. A good first look, or a refresher.
Details
- First published
- 1773
- Language
- English
- Level
- Medium level
Cite this edition
Wheatley, Phillis. Poems on Various Subjects, Religious and Moral. Library of Alexandria, 2026, libraryofalexandria.com/products/poems-on-various-subjects-religious-and-moral.
Wheatley, P. (2026). Poems on various subjects, religious and moral. Library of Alexandria. https://libraryofalexandria.com/products/poems-on-various-subjects-religious-and-moral (Original work published 1773)
Wheatley, Phillis. Poems on Various Subjects, Religious and Moral. Library of Alexandria, 2026. https://libraryofalexandria.com/products/poems-on-various-subjects-religious-and-moral.
@book{wheatley2026poems,
author = {Wheatley, Phillis},
title = {Poems on Various Subjects, Religious and Moral},
publisher = {Library of Alexandria},
year = {2026},
url = {https://libraryofalexandria.com/products/poems-on-various-subjects-religious-and-moral},
note = {First published 1773}
}
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What is Poems on Various Subjects, Religious and Moral about?
It is a book of poems by Phillis Wheatley, first printed in London in 1773. The poems cover faith, death and consolation, Bible stories, nature, memory, friendship, myth and liberty, many written for named people in Boston.
Who is Maecenas in Wheatley's first poem?
Maecenas was a Roman patron of poets such as Virgil and Horace. Wheatley borrows his name for her own patron, so that she can speak of the old poets, her own modesty, and her hope for protection.
What does On Being Brought from Africa to America mean?
The eight-line poem thanks mercy for bringing her to faith, then tells Christians that black people may be refined and join the angels. Readers discuss whether it shows gratitude, protest or both.
The author
Phillis Wheatley
1753–1784 · African-American poet
Phillis Wheatley was the first African American to publish a book of poetry. Enslaved as a child and brought to Boston, she mastered English verse with astonishing speed; Poems on Various Subjects, Religious and Moral (1773) made her famous on both sides of the Atlantic.
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