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About this book

How can a lie exist if it speaks of something that is not?

In Plato’s Sophist, an unnamed visitor from Elea joins Theaetetus to ask what separates a sophist from a philosopher. Socrates is present, but says little. The visitor leads the search, testing definitions and tracing the ways clever argument can resemble wisdom without offering true knowledge.

What begins as a search for a person becomes an inquiry into reality itself. To explain false speech, the Stranger must question Parmenides’ teaching that what is not cannot be spoken of. Being, appearance, sameness and difference become urgent problems: how can anyone distinguish truth from an imitation of it?

What you’ll discover

  • An angler as a guide Begin with a fisherman, and watch a simple definition become a tool for harder questions.
  • Wisdom and its disguises Explore the shifting portraits of the sophist, whose arguments can imitate knowledge.
  • The puzzle of falsehood Face the strange difficulty of explaining how speech can describe what is not.
  • A challenge to Parmenides Follow the Stranger as he questions a teaching that threatens the search for falsehood.
  • An argument taking shape Trace each distinction as the dialogue presses from familiar examples toward questions about being itself.

Who will love it

For readers who like to watch an argument being built step by step, and for anyone curious about how Western philosophy first handled truth, lies and appearances.

What’s inside

The key ideas, in the 15-minute summary

  1. A stranger from Elea leads the search
  2. Define by dividing: the angler as practice
  3. The sophist appears in many disguises
  4. False speech seems impossible, and that is the trouble
  5. What is real? Giants, gods and the five kinds
  6. Not-being as difference, and the sophist caught

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Large print hardcover
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Philosophy & Ideas

Sophist

by Plato

A visitor from Elea hunts for the sophist and confronts a puzzle about how falsehood can exist.

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Sophist by Plato, the cover

From the 15-minute summary · Key idea 1 of 6

A stranger from Elea leads the search

The dialogue opens on the day after the conversation recorded in Theaetetus. Theodorus, a mathematician, arrives with a guest whom he calls a philosopher from Elea. Socrates greets the visitor with some wit. He wonders whether this man might be a god in disguise, sent to test and refute the weak arguments of mortals. Theodorus laughs the idea off and says the Stranger is gentler than that.

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What is Plato's Sophist about?

It tries to define the sophist, a paid teacher of persuasion, and separate him from the philosopher. To do so, it has to solve a puzzle about how false statements and images can exist, and it reworks the idea of being.

Who is the Eleatic Stranger in Sophist?

He is an unnamed visitor from Elea, a Greek city in southern Italy, who follows the school of Parmenides. He leads the talk, with Theaetetus answering, while Socrates mostly listens. He also appears in Statesman.

What does parricide mean in Plato's Sophist?

The Stranger says he must commit a kind of parricide, meaning the killing of a father. He means he must challenge Parmenides, his school's founder, who taught that what is not cannot be spoken of or thought.

The author

Plato

428 BC–348 BC · Ancient Greek philosopher

4th-century BCE Greek philosopher.

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