Who Antonio is
Antonio begins the play feeling sad, but he cannot explain what troubles him. His friends suggest worries about his ships or about love, and he denies both. Though he is wealthy, his money is tied up in cargo aboard ships still at sea.
What Antonio wants
Antonio wants to help Bassanio, his closest friend, who needs money to court the wealthy Portia. Unable to provide ready money, he offers his good name as security for a loan. His generosity brings friendship into the world of credit, where a written promise carries real danger.
Antonio and the others in the story
Antonio's loyalty to Bassanio contrasts with his harsh treatment of Shylock, the Jewish moneylender. He has insulted Shylock publicly, spat on him, and lent without interest, reducing the rates Shylock can charge. When Shylock offers a loan secured by a pound of Antonio's flesh, Antonio agrees despite Bassanio's protests.
Questions
Why does Antonio borrow money?
Antonio borrows to help Bassanio court Portia in Belmont. His wealth is at sea, so he cannot give his friend the money directly.
Why is Antonio sad?
Antonio does not know why he feels sad. He rejects his friends' suggestions that trade or love explains his mood.
Is Antonio kind to Shylock?
No, Antonio treats Shylock with public cruelty. His insults and contempt complicate the generosity he shows Bassanio.
