The Iliad, Book 23 summary

What happens

1. Achilles leads the mourning, and Patroclus’ ghost asks for prompt burial and for their bones to remain together.
2. The Achaeans gather wood, and Achilles sacrifices animals and twelve Trojan youths beside Patroclus’ body.
3. Divine protection preserves Hector’s corpse, while summoned winds make Patroclus’ pyre burn through the night.
4. The mourners collect Patroclus’ bones into a golden urn, build his mound, and assemble for funeral games.
5. Diomed wins the chariot race; Antilochus apologizes for obstructing Menelaus, who returns the disputed mare to him.
6. Further contests reward strength, skill, and divine favor, and Agamemnon receives the final cauldron without throwing a javelin.

In this book

What to notice

The ghost makes burial an urgent need rather than only an expression of grief. His request gives Achilles a clear duty toward his dead companion.

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