Subplot
Literary term · say it SUB-plot
A subplot is a smaller storyline that runs alongside the main plot of a novel or play. It has its own connected events and can deepen a theme, reveal another side of a character, or affect the central action.
Ways a subplot connects to the main story
A parallel story
A subplot can echo the main plot through different characters facing similar troubles. The comparison helps readers see a shared theme.
In King Lear, Gloucester trusts Edmund and turns against Edgar, just as Lear misjudges his daughters. Both fathers suffer after trusting the child who deceives them.
In King Lear by William Shakespeare
A contrasting story
A subplot can show a different response to a problem found in the main plot. Its outcome gives readers something to compare with the central characters' choices.
In Pride and Prejudice, Charlotte Lucas accepts Mr. Collins after Elizabeth rejects him. Charlotte's practical choice contrasts with Elizabeth's refusal to marry without affection and respect.
In Pride and Prejudice by Jane Austen
A story that changes the main action
Events in a subplot can bring new trouble or help to the main story. A smaller character's problem may change what the central characters do.
In Pride and Prejudice, Lydia runs away with Wickham, putting her family's reputation at risk. Darcy's secret help in arranging their marriage later changes Elizabeth's understanding of him.
In Pride and Prejudice by Jane Austen
How to spot a subplot
- Identify the central character's main goal or problem.
- Look for another connected chain of events with its own problem.
- Trace how that smaller story affects or contrasts with the main action.
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What is the difference between a plot and a subplot?
The main plot carries the story's central action, while a subplot follows a smaller, connected storyline. A subplot may focus on supporting characters, but its importance depends on how it adds to the whole story, not simply on who appears in it.
Is every scene about a minor character a subplot?
No, a scene about a minor character is not automatically a subplot. A subplot needs a developing chain of connected events, usually involving a goal, difficulty, or conflict. A brief scene may simply provide background or help move the main plot forward.
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