Leviathan by Thomas Hobbes, Chapter 6 summary
Chapter 6 of 65 · Part 1: Of Man · 15 min to read the chapter
In Chapter 6, the speaker explains voluntary action through imagination, bodily motion, desire, and aversion, then defines the many passions that arise from them. He makes judgments of good and evil depend on persons and authority, identifies will with deliberation’s final appetite, and describes happiness as continuing success in satisfying desires.
What happens
- The speaker distinguishes vital motion from voluntary motion and identifies imagination as the internal starting point of voluntary action.
- He defines desire and aversion, then explains good and evil through individual responses and accepted public authority.
- He classifies pleasures and passions according to their objects, expectations, combinations, and changes.
- He describes deliberation as alternating desires and aversions, and defines will as the final impulse connected to action or omission.
- He examines expressions of passion and explains why words alone cannot reliably reveal feelings.
- He connects sound deliberation with foresight and defines earthly happiness as continuing success in obtaining desired things.

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Why can actions prompted by fear still count as voluntary?

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