The Federalist Papers、Federalist No. 63の要約

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1. Madison argues that a small, stable Senate gives public officials a lasting stake in the nation's reputation abroad.
2. He explains that longer service makes legislators answerable for policies whose results require years to appear.
3. He presents the Senate as a safeguard against temporary public passions and misleading appeals by self-interested men.
4. Ancient republics supply examples of durable senates and show that representation is not exclusively a modern practice.
5. Madison answers fears of aristocracy by describing the institutional obstacles to a Senate takeover.
6. Examples from Maryland, Britain, and antiquity support his claim that popular branches can overpower senates.

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The distinction explains why representation alone does not remove political danger. Madison uses it to support dividing legislative power between separate bodies.

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