Book summary

アテナイ人の国制のあらすじ

著者：アリストテレス

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8 key ideas
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Athenians choose jurors with brass dice and time speeches with water clocks in a city run by lot.

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アテナイ人の国制の概要

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読書時間: 約1 h 30 min1 h 10 min fast, 1 h 45 min slow
所要時間: 21,400語
ライブラリ内の難易度: 読み応えがあります long sentences, a rich vocabulary
初版刊行年: 紀元前330年頃by アリストテレス

Reading time at 238 words a minute (fast 300, slow 200). 古典を読むのにかかる時間 · 更新日 22 October 2026

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アテナイ人の国制 in short

The Athenian Constitution tells one story in two parts. First it traces how Athens moved from rule by a few wealthy families to rule by the people. Debt slavery brings Solon.

What アテナイ人の国制 is about

How do you run a city of free citizens without a king, a standing army or a class of professional rulers? Athens tried one answer after another for centuries, and this book tells how.

The Athenian Constitution is attributed to Aristotle. The first half tells of eleven changes in the constitution. The second half shows how the city works, down to the brass dice of the law courts. Begin with Athens divided between wealthy landowners and poor people bound to them by debt.

対象読者. This book suits readers who love ancient Greece, the roots of democracy, and the practical details of how a city governed itself, from choosing officials by lot to judging cases in court.

The 8 key ideas

Key idea 1 · free to read
Early Athens ran on birth, wealth and debt
The story begins with a city split in two. A few families owned nearly all the land, and the poor, with their wives and children, worked it as serfs. They paid rent to the rich, and if they failed to pay, they could be dragged into slavery with their families.
Offices went by birth and wealth. Over them stood the Council of the Areopagus, made up of former Archons. It was meant to guard the laws, but in practice it ran most of the state and could punish offenders on the spot. Its members were rich and kept their seats for life.
Then comes Draco, who issued the first written ordinances. He gave the vote to men who could supply their own arms and set property tests for offices. Loans were still secured by the debtor's own body, and the land still sat in a few hands.
The masses felt that serfdom was the worst feature of the constitution, and they also felt shut out of everything else.
Ignore a basic injustice, and the system built on top of it will break.
2
Solon frees the poor and balances the classes
When the conflict grew fierce, both sides agreed on one man to settle it.
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3
Pisistratus takes power by trick and rules gently
With Solon gone, Athens fell back into quarrels.
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4
Cleisthenes redraws Athens and the Areopagus falls
After the tyrants fell, two leaders fought for control.
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5
Pericles builds the people's power on pay
After Ephialtes, politics grew looser, and leaders competed for popular favor.
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6
War brings oligarchy, terror and then reconciliation
The war was kind to the democracy as long as it went evenly.
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7
Citizens, Council and Assembly run daily government
The second half of the book describes the democracy as it works in the author's day.
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8
Courts decide with lots, water clocks and ballots
The last section of the book is about the courts, which in the author's day hold final authority.
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『アテナイ人の国制』についての質問

What is The Athenian Constitution about?

It describes how Athens was governed. The first half traces eleven changes in the constitution from the early nobles to the restored democracy, and the second half explains the offices, Council, Assembly and law courts of the author's own time.

Who wrote The Athenian Constitution and when?

It is attributed to Aristotle, who died in 322 BC, or to his school, and it dates from the fourth century BC. It belongs to a wider project of collecting the constitutions of Greek cities.

Who was Solon and why does he matter in this book?

Solon was an Athenian poet and lawmaker made Archon to settle a conflict between rich and poor. He cancelled debts, ended loans secured by a person's body, set property classes and created appeals to the jury courts.

How did Athenian juries work?

Jurors over thirty were chosen by lot with tickets, brass dice, counters and colored staves. Speeches were timed with water clocks, and jurors voted in secret with pierced or solid brass ballots. A tie went to the defendant.

Is The Athenian Constitution worth reading today?

It gives a close view of how a real democracy built its offices, courts and safeguards. Its clear sections, lively stories about Pisistratus and Solon, and practical details suit anyone curious about the origins of self-government.

この版を引用します

Aristotle. The Athenian Constitution. Library of Alexandria, 2026, libraryofalexandria.com/products/the-athenian-constitution.

Aristotle. (2026). The Athenian constitution. Library of Alexandria. https://libraryofalexandria.com/products/the-athenian-constitution (Original work published ca. 330 B.C.E.)

Aristotle. The Athenian Constitution. Library of Alexandria, 2026. https://libraryofalexandria.com/products/the-athenian-constitution.

@book{aristotle2026athenian,
  author = {Aristotle},
  title = {The Athenian Constitution},
  publisher = {Library of Alexandria},
  year = {2026},
  url = {https://libraryofalexandria.com/products/the-athenian-constitution},
  note = {First published ca. 330 BCE}
}