In Job
In Job, Satan comes before Yahweh with the angels, and the text describes him as an accuser. Yahweh first gives Satan power over Job's possessions while forbidding him to harm Job personally. Later, Yahweh places Job himself under Satan's power, but forbids Satan to kill him.
In Jubilees
In Jubilees, most evil beings are bound in punishment, while a tenth remain under Satan's control on earth. The text describes Joseph's life after Jacob's death as a time without Satan or evil. It also describes a future when the land remains clean and Satan and evil beings are absent.
In Revelation
In Revelation, Satan is identified with the dragon, the ancient snake, and the devil who deceives everyone on earth. Another passage locates Satan's dwelling among the people where Antipas, described as a faithful witness, is killed.
Where Satan appears
- JobJob presents Satan as an accuser who appears before Yahweh alongside the angels. · The Complete 88-Book Ethiopian Bible
- JubileesJubilees places a tenth of the evil beings under Satan's control on earth. · The Complete 88-Book Ethiopian Bible
- RevelationRevelation identifies Satan as the dragon and devil who deceives everyone on earth. · The Complete 88-Book Ethiopian Bible
- ZechariahZechariah places Satan at Joshua's right hand, standing there as his enemy. · The Complete 88-Book Ethiopian Bible
- AllogenesAllogenes describes Satan appearing on earth and offering the Stranger wealth and fine things. · The Nag Hammadi Scriptures
- Ascension of IsaiahAscension of Isaiah describes Manasseh abandoning his father's God to serve Satan, his angels, and his powers. · The Complete Books of Enoch
- Mysteries of Heaven and EarthMysteries of Heaven and Earth identifies the dragon as Satan and describes God cutting off the serpent. · The Complete Books of Enoch
What the texts say, in their own words
“Yahweh said to Satan, “Look, everything he owns is in your power. Just don’t harm him personally.””
“We did everything He said: we tied up all the evil ones in the place of punishment, and we left 1/10 of them so they would be under Satan’s control on earth.”
“He grabbed the dragon, that old snake, who is the devil and Satan, who tricks everyone on earth.”
“When the Stranger had spoken these things, Satan showed himself on the earth…he said, “…, and take freely of whatever my world contains, and feast on my fine things, and gather silver, gold, and clothing for yourself.””
質問
Who is Satan in the lost texts?
Satan is an accuser in Job, while Revelation identifies him as the dragon and the devil. Jubilees describes evil beings under his control, and Allogenes describes him offering possessions to the Stranger.
What limits does Yahweh set for Satan in Job?
Yahweh first forbids Satan to harm Job personally, then later forbids him to kill Job.
Does Jubilees describe a future without Satan?
Jubilees describes people living safely in a land that remains clean, without Satan or any evil being.
Where is Satan mentioned in the lost texts?
Satan appears in Job, Jubilees, Revelation and Zechariah, in The Complete 88-Book Ethiopian Bible; Allogenes, in The Nag Hammadi Scriptures; Ascension of Isaiah and Mysteries of Heaven and Earth, in The Complete Books of Enoch.
