Moses
Moses is the Hebrew prophet who leads the Israelites out of slavery in Egypt and receives God's law at Mount Sinai. A central figure in Judaism and important in Christianity and Islam, he stands for deliverance, leadership, and the difficult duties of faith.
Key stories of Moses
The baby in the basket
Moses' mother hides him in a basket among the reeds beside the Nile to save him from Pharaoh's order against Hebrew baby boys. Pharaoh's daughter finds him and takes him into her care.
In Exodus, Moses' sister watches nearby as Pharaoh's daughter discovers the child, then offers to find a Hebrew woman to nurse him. She brings his own mother.
In Exodus by Traditionally attributed to Moses
The burning bush
God speaks to Moses from a bush that burns without being consumed. Moses is called to confront Pharaoh and bring the Israelites out of Egypt.
In Exodus, Moses removes his sandals because he is standing on holy ground. He questions his fitness for the task, and God promises help.
In Exodus by Traditionally attributed to Moses
The escape through the sea
After plagues strike Egypt, Pharaoh lets the Israelites leave but then sends his army after them. God opens a path through the sea, allowing the Israelites to escape.
In Exodus, Moses stretches out his hand over the sea, and the people cross on dry ground. The pursuing Egyptian forces are overwhelmed when the waters return.
In Exodus by Traditionally attributed to Moses
The law at Sinai
Moses receives God's commandments at Mount Sinai. When he returns to find the people worshipping a golden calf, he breaks the stone tablets; later, the covenant is renewed.
In Exodus, Moses comes down the mountain carrying the tablets and sees the calf and the dancing. He throws the tablets down at the foot of the mountain.
In Exodus by Traditionally attributed to Moses
How to recognise Moses in stories
- Look for a baby in a reed basket or a bush burning without being consumed.
- Notice a staff, a passage through water, or stone tablets of law.
- Watch for a reluctant leader who frees an oppressed people and guides them through a wilderness.
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Does Moses reach the Promised Land?
Moses sees the Promised Land but does not enter it. In Deuteronomy, he views it from Mount Nebo before his death. Joshua then leads the Israelites across the Jordan, making Moses' story one of deliverance whose final goal he cannot share.
Why is Moses sometimes shown with horns?
Moses is sometimes shown with horns because a Latin translation described his radiant face in terms that could suggest horns. In Exodus, his face shines after speaking with God. The horns in some older art signal holiness, not evil.
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