Who Is Satan in the lost texts?

In Job

In Job, Satan comes before Yahweh with the angels, and the text describes him as an accuser. Yahweh first gives Satan power over Job's possessions while forbidding him to harm Job personally. Later, Yahweh places Job himself under Satan's power, but forbids Satan to kill him.

In Jubilees

In Jubilees, most evil beings are bound in punishment, while a tenth remain under Satan's control on earth. The text describes Joseph's life after Jacob's death as a time without Satan or evil. It also describes a future when the land remains clean and Satan and evil beings are absent.

In Revelation

In Revelation, Satan is identified with the dragon, the ancient snake, and the devil who deceives everyone on earth. Another passage locates Satan's dwelling among the people where Antipas, described as a faithful witness, is killed.

Where Satan appears

What the texts say, in their own words

“Yahweh said to Satan, “Look, everything he owns is in your power. Just don’t harm him personally.””

Job · Yahweh gives Satan power over Job's possessions while setting a limit. · Read it in The Complete 88-Book Ethiopian Bible

“We did everything He said: we tied up all the evil ones in the place of punishment, and we left 1/10 of them so they would be under Satan’s control on earth.”

Jubilees · Some evil beings remain under Satan's control after the others are bound. · Read it in The Complete 88-Book Ethiopian Bible

“He grabbed the dragon, that old snake, who is the devil and Satan, who tricks everyone on earth.”

Revelation · The dragon is seized and identified as the devil and Satan. · Read it in The Complete 88-Book Ethiopian Bible

“When the Stranger had spoken these things, Satan showed himself on the earth…he said, “…, and take freely of whatever my world contains, and feast on my fine things, and gather silver, gold, and clothing for yourself.””

Allogenes · After the Stranger speaks, Satan appears and offers worldly possessions. · Read it in The Nag Hammadi Scriptures

Questions

Who is Satan in the lost texts?

Satan is an accuser in Job, while Revelation identifies him as the dragon and the devil. Jubilees describes evil beings under his control, and Allogenes describes him offering possessions to the Stranger.

What limits does Yahweh set for Satan in Job?

Yahweh first forbids Satan to harm Job personally, then later forbids him to kill Job.

Does Jubilees describe a future without Satan?

Jubilees describes people living safely in a land that remains clean, without Satan or any evil being.

Where is Satan mentioned in the lost texts?

Satan appears in Job, Jubilees, Revelation and Zechariah, in The Complete 88-Book Ethiopian Bible; Allogenes, in The Nag Hammadi Scriptures; Ascension of Isaiah and Mysteries of Heaven and Earth, in The Complete Books of Enoch.

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