Leviathan by Thomas Hobbes: personaggi, cronologia e luoghi

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Thomas HobbesThe writer who dedicates his discourse to Francis Godolphin and defends strengthening civil power.Prima comparsa: chapter 1
Mr. Francis GodolphinThe recipient of Hobbes’s dedication, offered in gratitude for his brother Sidney’s support.Prima comparsa: chapter 1
Mr. Sidney GodolphinFrancis’s brother, praised by Hobbes for supporting his studies and showing public and private virtues.Prima comparsa: chapter 1
AdamThe person whose instruction by God provides the account’s starting point for speech.Prima comparsa: chapter 6
subjectsPeople whose place within political bodies forms a subject of scientific inquiry.Prima comparsa: chapter 11
the sovereignThe common representative whom people authorize to direct their combined strength toward peace and defense.Prima comparsa: chapter 19
counselorsAdvisers whose counsel should benefit its recipient through clear reasoning, relevant experience, and compatible interests.Prima comparsa: chapter 27
MosesHe renews the covenant at Sinai, establishing Israel under God’s civil sovereignty.Prima comparsa: chapter 37
ChristThe figure through whom prophetic passages promise the restoration of God’s kingship.Prima comparsa: chapter 37
AbrahamA figure whose covenant forms part of the account of God’s civil rule.Prima comparsa: chapter 37
AaronHe serves under Moses, who holds both civil and religious sovereignty.Prima comparsa: chapter 42
the ApostlesReligious figures through whom the argument traces early church authority and its succession.Prima comparsa: chapter 44
the PopeA religious ruler who demands allegiance against lawful rulers on grounds of obedience to Christ.Prima comparsa: chapter 50
AristotleA philosopher whose teachings the argument links to university instruction that conceals religious errors.Prima comparsa: chapter 62

Chapter 1
Hobbes dedicates his discourse to Francis Godolphin and defends his effort to strengthen civil power.
Chapter 3
The argument identifies sense as the source of thought and explains perception through bodily motion.
Chapter 6
Speech makes shared knowledge possible, while unclear names and careless definitions produce error.
Chapter 10
The narrator distinguishes mental abilities and challenges possession as a necessary explanation of madness.
Chapter 15
Human equality, rivalry, and distrust make life without common authority a condition of war.
Chapter 16
Natural law directs people toward peace and mutual limits on rights without surrendering self-defense.
Chapter 17
The argument defines justice as keeping valid covenants and develops further rules for peaceful society.
Chapter 19
People establish a commonwealth by authorizing one representative to direct their strength toward lasting security.
Chapter 20
The argument derives inseparable sovereign powers from the covenant and denies subjects grounds to depose their sovereign.
Chapter 23
Subjects retain freedom where laws are silent, and their obligation to obey depends on protection.
Chapter 27
The speaker distinguishes counsel from commands and recommends qualified advisers consulted separately.
Chapter 28
Civil law receives its authority from the sovereign, who also controls its interpretation.
Chapter 31
The speaker identifies divided authority, private judgment, and financial disorders as causes of political collapse.
Chapter 32
The sovereign’s duties include public instruction, equal justice, clear laws, and effective government.
Chapter 34
The argument grounds Christian politics in Scripture while distinguishing outward obedience from inward belief.
Chapter 37
The argument presents God’s kingdom as civil government founded on Israel’s consent and covenant.
Chapter 41
Hobbes defines a governing church as Christians united under one sovereign and rejects separate religious and civil authorities.
Chapter 43
Christ’s redemption, teaching, and future kingship are distinguished without releasing believers from obedience to existing rulers.
Chapter 44
Religious ministers receive powers to teach and persuade, not to punish or override civil rulers.
Chapter 46
The narrator attacks interpretations of Scripture that support church rule over civil sovereigns.
Chapter 50
The argument links claims about the earthly Church as God’s kingdom to papal power over Christian rulers.
Chapter 53
The argument presents bishops’ dependence on the Pope as a danger that can provoke civil war.
Chapter 63
Hobbes identifies religious authorities who benefit from mistaken teaching and blames sovereigns who permit their encroachments.
Chapter 65
The conclusion links obedience to protection, rejects private religious punishment, and returns to the study of natural bodies.
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