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The Federalist Papers, Federalist No. 25 summary

Federalist No. 25 of 85 · 8 min to read the paper

In Federalist No. 25, Publius argues that the national government must control common defense because separate state armies threaten both security and federal authority. He also rejects a constitutional ban on peacetime armies, using military experience and historical examples to show how necessary action can override impractical restrictions.

What happens

  1. Publius argues that separate state defense burdens exposed states unfairly and encourages military rivalry among members of the Union.
  2. He says national control offers greater protection because people scrutinize federal power more closely than local power.
  3. He argues that banning the maintenance of peacetime armies invites evasion, while banning their recruitment prevents preparation against invasion.
  4. He praises the militia’s courage but insists that fighting a trained army requires another trained force.
  5. Pennsylvania and Massachusetts demonstrate that domestic unrest can require troops even during peace.
  6. The example of Lysander shows how impractical constitutional limits encourage evasions that weaken respect for fundamental law.

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How do the Lacedaemonians give Lysander command without openly breaking their rule?

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