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The Library
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The Art of War, Chapter 12 summary

Chapter 12 of 13 · 10 min to read the chapter

In Chapter 12, Sun Tzu explains five kinds of fire attack and shows how preparation, weather, timing, and enemy reactions guide their use. He then turns from destructive methods to responsible command, urging rulers and generals to seek real advantage and remember that destroyed kingdoms and lost lives cannot be recovered.

What happens

  1. Sun Tzu lists five fire attacks against soldiers, supplies, baggage, storage sites, and enemy ranks.
  2. He requires ready materials, dry conditions, and attention to wind and the stars.
  3. Commanders must judge enemy reactions, exploit suitable openings, and avoid attacking from downwind.
  4. Historical examples show fire causing panic, while cleared vegetation prevents an attempted attack.
  5. Sun Tzu contrasts fire with water and urges leaders to develop resources and seize useful opportunities.
  6. He rejects warfare driven by anger and ends by stressing caution because destruction and death are irreversible.

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What should a commander do if fire breaks out but the enemy remains calm?

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