Tragic flaw
Literary term · say it TRAJ-ik FLAW
A tragic flaw is a trait that leads a central character toward disastrous choices and helps bring about their downfall. It may be a weakness, such as jealousy, or a strength, such as loyalty, carried too far.
Ways a tragic flaw can appear
Ambition
The desire for power or success becomes more important than conscience or other people’s lives.
In Macbeth, Macbeth kills King Duncan to take the crown. His ambition then draws him into further violence as he tries to hold power.
In Macbeth by William Shakespeare
Jealousy
Fear of betrayal overwhelms trust and leads a character to act on suspicion rather than sound evidence.
In Othello, Othello accepts Iago’s false account of Desdemona’s unfaithfulness. His jealousy leads him to kill her before he learns the truth.
In Othello by William Shakespeare
Pride
A character’s belief in their own importance makes correction or disagreement feel unbearable.
In King Lear, Lear rejects Cordelia when she refuses to flatter him and banishes Kent for challenging his judgment. He gives power to the daughters whose praise he accepts, leaving himself exposed to their cruelty.
In King Lear by William Shakespeare
How to spot a tragic flaw
- Look for a trait that repeatedly shapes the central character’s choices.
- Notice when that trait makes the character ignore warnings or hurt others.
- Trace how those choices help lead to the final disaster.
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What is the difference between a tragic flaw and hamartia?
A tragic flaw is usually a lasting character trait, while hamartia can also mean a disastrous error or mistaken judgment. The terms often overlap in classroom discussion, but hamartia does not always imply a moral weakness or a fixed defect.
Does a tragic flaw have to be a bad quality?
No, a tragic flaw can be a good quality carried too far or used without judgment. Loyalty, courage, or determination may become harmful when a character cannot balance them with care for others, fresh evidence, or changing circumstances.
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