Satire
Literary term · say it SAT-eye-er
Satire is writing that uses ridicule, irony, or exaggeration to expose foolishness, dishonesty, or injustice. It invites readers to question the habits, beliefs, and institutions that people often accept without thinking.
Two common kinds of satire
Horatian satire
This is relatively gentle satire that treats human foolishness with amusement. It invites a knowing smile rather than anger.
In Pride and Prejudice, Mr Collins proudly describes Lady Catherine's attention and advice, treating her interference as a great honour. His gratitude exposes the foolishness of worshipping social rank.
In Pride and Prejudice by Jane Austen
Juvenalian satire
This is bitter or angry satire aimed at serious wrongdoing. Its ridicule can make cruelty, corruption, or hypocrisy seem both absurd and disturbing.
In Gulliver's Travels, Gulliver learns that a dispute about which end of an egg to break has led to persecution and war. The absurd quarrel exposes the destructive force of religious and political divisions.
In Gulliver's Travels by Jonathan Swift
How to spot satire
- Look for behaviour or beliefs that seem foolish, exaggerated, or troubling.
- Identify the person, custom, or institution being criticised.
- Ask what fault the humour or ridicule brings into view.
What is the difference between satire and parody?
Satire exposes faults, while parody imitates the style or features of a particular work, writer, or genre. A parody can also be satire if its imitation points to something worth criticising, but it can simply be playful.
Does satire have to be funny?
Satire does not have to make readers laugh; it can be bitter, unsettling, or grim. What matters is that its irony, ridicule, or exaggeration exposes a fault, rather than merely describing something unpleasant.
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