Leviathan by Thomas Hobbes, Chapter 33 summary
Chapter 33 of 65 · Part 3: Of a Christian Commonwealth · 17 min to read the chapter
In Chapter 33, the speaker examines biblical authorship, dates, and purpose, arguing that Scripture gains legal force through sovereign authority for people without direct revelation. He distinguishes belief in divine authorship from legal obligation and makes the right to authorize interpretation depend on the right to establish law.
What happens
- The speaker defines canonical Scripture as binding rules and connects its legal standing to sovereign authority.
- He uses evidence within biblical books to argue that many take their present form after the people whose names they bear.
- He discusses the collection of both Testaments and accepts them as reliable records despite concerns about church leaders.
- He identifies their shared purpose as establishing God's kingdom and bringing people into obedience.
- He reframes the authority dispute as a question about who makes Scripture law, rather than why individuals believe it.
- He links lawful interpretation to legislative power and asks whether Christian rulers answer to a universal church sovereign.

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What gives Scripture public legal force for people without supernatural revelation?

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