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What if the ancient kingdoms were centuries younger than their own historians claimed?
In The Chronology of Ancient Kingdoms Amended, Isaac Newton turns his mind from gravity and light to the ancient past. He argues that Greece, Egypt and other nations stretch their histories too far back. His task is to bring their kings, generations and empires into a shorter, tighter sequence.
Newton tests royal lists against the Bible, Greek writers and the movement of the stars. He questions the years assigned to generations and uses astronomy to date the voyage of the Argonauts. At stake is how readers judge ancient records: which claims deserve trust, and what evidence can make them hold together?
What you’ll discover
- Ancient claims under scrutiny Follow Newton as he questions records written long after the events they describe.
- Kings and counted years See how assumptions about royal generations can stretch the whole timeline of an ancient kingdom.
- The stars as evidence Explore Newton's use of shifting star positions to investigate the voyage of the Argonauts.
- Egypt on a shorter timeline Watch Newton challenge the long spans that priests and later writers assign to Egypt.
- Empires brought into focus Trace his comparisons of biblical accounts, Herodotus and royal tables for Assyria, Babylon and Persia.
Who will love it
For readers who love intellectual history, the Bible and the ancient world, and anyone curious to see how a great scientist reasoned outside his field.
What’s inside
The key ideas, in the 15-minute summary
- Ancient nations inflated their own age
- Kings reign shorter than historians assumed
- The stars date the voyage of the Argonauts
- Egypt was younger than claimed
- The great empires fit into a tighter frame
- Scholars rejected the dates but kept the method
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La cronologia dei regni antichi rivista
by Isaac Newton · 1728
Newton tests ancient kings against the Bible and the stars to argue for a younger ancient world.
Challenging5–10 hours to readItaliano
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In short
The Chronology of Ancient Kingdoms Amended is Isaac Newton's attempt to fix the dates of the ancient world. It appeared in 1728, a year after his death, though he had worked on it for decades.
From the 15-minute summary · Key idea 1
Ancient nations inflated their own age
Newton begins with a simple suspicion. The oldest records of Greece, Egypt and the East were written long after the events they describe. Before that, he says, the past lived in songs, poems and family memory. He doubts that memory can preserve events for long before writing begins.
He claims that national pride did the rest. Each people wanted to be the oldest and the most glorious, so each stretched its early kings backward in time. Greek writers made their heroes older than they were. Egyptian priests, he says, told visitors tales of vast spans of years that no solid record could support.
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- 1728
- Language
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What is The Chronology of Ancient Kingdoms Amended about?
It is Isaac Newton's study of the dates of the ancient world. He argues that Greek, Egyptian and other histories were made too long, and he tries to correct them using royal reigns, astronomy and the Bible.
When was The Chronology of Ancient Kingdoms Amended published?
It was published in 1728, after Newton's death in 1727. It grew from a shorter outline written for Caroline, Princess of Wales, which was printed in France in 1725 without his permission.
Why did Newton write about chronology?
Newton took a deep interest in scripture and ancient history, and he wanted to fit the Bible and the pagan records into one reliable timeline. He worked on the subject for many years alongside his science.
The author
Isaac Newton
1643–1727 · English mathematician and physicist
Isaac Newton (1643–1727) was an English mathematician and physicist. He was born in Woolsthorpe, studied and taught at Cambridge, and later lived in London. He published Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy in 1687 and Opticks in 1704. His writings on chronology and biblical prophecy appeared after his death.
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