War and Peace, Part 1: First Epilogue: 1813–20, Chapter 2 summary
Part 1: First Epilogue: 1813–20, Chapter 2 of 365 · 3 min to read the chapter
In Chapter 2, the narrator argues that chance and genius name gaps in human understanding rather than explain historical events. Through an example of a ram fattened for slaughter, the argument rejects assumed historical goals and presents Napoleon and Alexander as ordinary men precisely suited to their tasks.
What happens
- The narrator argues that the supposed goals of European wars do not explain why those wars take their particular course.
- Chance and genius emerge as names people give to events and powers they do not understand.
- A ram receives special feeding and grows fat, appearing exceptional to its flock before it is slaughtered.
- The narrator argues that abandoning assumed purposes makes events coherent without appeals to chance or genius.
- Napoleon and Alexander appear as ordinary men whose circumstances fit them precisely to their historical tasks.

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What does the specially fed ram illustrate?

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