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The Prince, Chapter 3 summary

Chapter 3 of 28 · 12 min to read the chapter

In Chapter 3, the speaker explains why newly acquired territories are difficult to hold and recommends settlement, colonies, protected allies, and early action against threats. He contrasts Roman foresight with Louis XII’s mistakes in Italy, arguing that rulers undermine their own position when they strengthen other powers.

What happens

  1. New rulers disappoint supporters and burden subjects, so conquest requires popular goodwill as well as military strength.
  2. Territories with similar customs are easier to retain if their laws and taxes remain unchanged and the former ruling family is eliminated.
  3. For territories with different customs, the speaker recommends residence or colonies rather than costly garrisons.
  4. Roman policy illustrates how protecting weaker allies, restraining stronger powers, and addressing threats early can secure conquests.
  5. Louis strengthens the Church, brings Spain into Italy, neglects settlement and colonies, and weakens the Venetians who could protect Lombardy.
  6. The speaker connects France’s losses to these errors and concludes that creating another power’s strength endangers the ruler responsible.

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Why does the speaker prefer colonies to garrisons?

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