The Art of War, Chapter 7 summary

What happens

1. Sun Tzŭ makes internal harmony the starting point for maneuvering and explains how indirect movement can secure an advantage.
2. Forced marches scatter and exhaust troops, while armies depend on baggage, food, supply bases, knowledge of terrain, and local guides.
3. Commanders use deception, adjust their formations, conceal plans, share captured goods, and consider each move carefully.
4. Gongs, drums, flags, banners, and signal fires coordinate soldiers and prevent individuals from advancing or retreating independently.
5. A commander preserves calm and strength while waiting for enemy fatigue, disorder, or declining morale.
6. The closing rules warn against unfavorable ground, deceptive retreats, eager opponents, and excessive pressure on surrounded or desperate troops.

In this chapter

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