Leviathan by Thomas Hobbes, Chapter 32 summary
Chapter 32 of 65 · Part 3: Of a Christian Commonwealth · 8 min to read the chapter
In Chapter 32, the argument grounds Christian politics in Scripture while preserving the use of reason and distinguishing outward obedience from inward belief. It requires both miracles and agreement with established religion to recognize prophets, then makes Scripture the guide because miracles no longer occur.
What happens
- The argument adds prophetic revelation to natural reason as a basis for examining Christian government.
- Submitting understanding means obeying lawful authority in speech and conduct, not changing beliefs by an act of will.
- Claims involving dreams, visions, or inspiration do not compel other people to believe that God speaks.
- Scriptural examples establish two necessary tests for prophets: miracles and teaching consistent with the religion God establishes.
- A prophetic prediction must receive prompt confirmation rather than remain indefinitely beyond testing.
- Because miracles cease, Scripture and careful reasoning supply guidance about religious and political duties.
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What to notice
The sentence states the paired tests for recognizing a prophet. Together they restrict claims that private revelation should command belief or obedience.
Quick check
What two signs must establish a prophet's claim together?
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