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The Library
of Alexandria

Human, All Too Human, Part 1, Part 2 summary

Part 1, Part 2 of 152 · 2 min to read the part

In 2, the argument challenges philosophers who treat contemporary humanity and its mental powers as permanent standards for understanding the universe. It insists that human beings develop over time, rejects eternal facts and absolute truths, and calls for historical thinking joined to honest judgment.

What happens

  1. Philosophers begin with contemporary humanity and mistake its present features for permanent truths.
  2. Their claims describe only a limited historical period, yet they overlook the effects of religious and political developments.
  3. Human beings and their intellectual powers evolve, with essential changes occurring long before the roughly four thousand years people know.
  4. Philosophers treat present instincts as fixed and interpret the cosmos as ordered around human existence.
  5. The argument rejects eternal facts and absolute truths, making historical inquiry and honest judgment necessary.

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What does the argument identify as philosophers' traditional defect?

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