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About this book

When does a knight’s courage become a danger to the men who trust him?

Charlemagne longs to bring his army home after seven years of war in Spain. Only Saragossa still resists him. Its king, Marsile, offers peace, but the promise hides a trap. When Roland names his stepfather Ganelon as envoy, wounded pride turns toward revenge. The road home leads the Franks into a mountain pass in the Pyrenees.

Roland commands the rear guard, with his closest friend Oliver beside him. As enemy forces approach, Oliver sees the danger clearly, but Roland refuses to sound his horn. This French epic poem places loyalty beside pride and courage beside wisdom. Its ringing stanzas frame a hard question: what does honour demand when other men’s lives depend on your choice?

What you’ll discover

  • Two friends at odds Meet Roland and Oliver, whose shared loyalty cannot settle their urgent disagreement over calling for help.
  • A dangerous homeward march Follow the rear guard into a mountain pass as false peace gives way to danger.
  • Honour tested by pride Weigh the pull of personal glory against the duty to protect the men under your command.
  • Faith within the poem Encounter Turpin, the warrior-priest, within a Christian vision of war that portrays its Muslim enemies one-sidedly.
  • The sound of legend Discover repeating stanzas and ringing sounds in a poem rooted in the tradition of sung deeds.

Who will love it

For readers who love heroic tales, medieval history and the roots of the knightly code, and listeners who enjoy strong, simple storytelling.

What’s inside

The key ideas, in the 15-minute summary

  1. Seven years in Spain and one city left
  2. The council splits over Marsile's offer
  3. Roland names Ganelon and hatred takes root
  4. Ganelon sells his emperor to the enemy
  5. Roland takes the rear guard and the twelve peers
  6. Oliver sees the army and Roland refuses the horn
  7. Pride, wisdom and the weight of loyalty
  8. Faith, crusade and a one-sided enemy
  9. Laisses, repetition and a poem made for the ear

Who’s who

  • RolandCharlemagne's nephew and the boldest of his knights, who carries the sword Durendal and values glory and his lord's honour above all.
  • OliverRoland's closest friend and fellow peer, wise and clear-sighted, who wants to protect the men under their command.
  • CharlemagneThe aged emperor of the Franks, who has fought in Spain for seven years and longs to bring his army home.
  • GanelonRoland's stepfather, an eloquent count who takes offence when Roland names him as envoy and plots revenge.
  • Archbishop TurpinA warrior-priest who blesses the Frankish knights, absolves them before battle and fights beside them.
  • MarsileThe Saracen king of Saragossa, who offers false peace to Charlemagne because he cannot win the war by force.
  • BlancandrinMarsile's clever counsellor, who devises the plan of false submission and persuades Ganelon on the road.
  • Duke NaimesThe wisest of Charlemagne's counsellors, whose steady advice carries weight in the emperor's council.

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15-minute summary
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Myths & Legends

Das Rolandslied

by Anonym; C. K. Scott-Moncrieff (Übersetzer) · 1100

In a Pyrenean pass, Oliver begs Roland to sound his horn as pride and honour put the rear guard at risk.

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In short

The Song of Roland is a French poem of about four thousand lines, written down around the year 1100 by an unknown poet. It tells of a battle in a mountain pass in the Pyrenees, where the rear guard of Charlemagne's army is attacked as it marches home from Spain.

Das Rolandslied by Anonym; C. K. Scott-Moncrieff (Übersetzer), the cover

From the 15-minute summary · Key idea 1

Seven years in Spain and one city left

The poem opens with Charlemagne, king of the Franks, who has spent seven full years fighting in Spain. He has taken castle after castle, and every wall has fallen to him except Saragossa. That city is held by King Marsile, a ruler who does not love God and serves the gods of his own people, as the poet sees it. Marsile knows that his army is weaker, and he is afraid.

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What is The Song of Roland about?

It tells of the betrayal of Charlemagne's rear guard by Ganelon and the stand of Roland, Oliver and the twelve peers against a huge Saracen army in a Pyrenean pass, with themes of loyalty, honour and faith.

Is The Song of Roland a true story?

Only in part. It grew from a real ambush of a Frankish force in the Pyrenees in 778, but the enemy there were Basques, and the poem changes events heavily into a holy war.

Who wrote The Song of Roland and when?

The poet is unknown. The oldest surviving manuscript, kept at Oxford, dates from the twelfth century, and most scholars place the composition of the poem around 1100. A Turold is named in the last line.

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